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linguistic performance
The term linguistic performance was used by Noam Chomsky in 1960 to describe “the actual use of language in concrete situations”.〔Matthews, P. H. "performance." Oxford Reference. 30 Oct. 2014. http://www.oxfordreference.com.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/view/10.1093/acref/9780199202720.001.0001/acref-9780199202720-e-2494.〕 It is used to describe both the production, sometimes called '' parole'' (), as well as the comprehension of language. Performance is defined in opposition to “competence”; the latter describes the mental knowledge that a speaker or listener has of language.
Part of the motivation for the distinction between performance and competence comes from speech errors: despite having a perfect understanding of the correct forms, a speaker of a language may unintentionally produce incorrect forms. This is because performance occurs in real situations, and so is subject to many non-linguistic influences. For example, distractions or memory limitations can affect lexical retrieval (Chomsky 1965:3), and give rise to errors in both production and perception [) or distractions. Such non-linguistic factors are completely independent of the actual knowledge of language,〔Noam Chomsky.(2006).''Language and Mind Third Edition''. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-85819-4〕 and establish that speakers' knowledge of language (their competence) is distinct form their actual use of language (their performance).
== Background ==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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